The Cymraeg children from England and Norway

The Anglo-Norwegian children in Wales.

The Celtic inhabitants of Wales successfully maintained independence from the Anglo-Saxons who settled in England following the withdrawal of the Romans.
Norman (mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about ad 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.) colonization from England began in the 12th century, and English control over the country was assured by Edward I's conquest 1277–84. Edward began the custom of making the English sovereign's eldest son Prince of Wales. Wales was formally brought into the English legal and parliamentary system by Henry VIII in 1536 but has retained a distinct cultural identity.